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Резюме : This Briefing, written by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides background information for the FEMM Mission to Denmark scheduled from 15 to 17 May 2023. It includes information about female entrepreneurship in Denmark, challenges and programmes for women entrepreneurs, the action of the Danish institutions concerned and the role of the EU funding in supporting women's entrepreneurship in Denmark.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD, JULIANE DOROTHEA MÜLLER

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, considers the impact the lack of gender-disaggregated data has on women and vulnerable social groups, as consumers of products and services. It examines the areas of AI-applications, health, transport, finance and consumer goods, highlighting health and safety risks. Drawing on good practices it makes recommendations for the design of products and services, gender equality and inclusion.

Автори : DAVAKI Konstantina

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : This briefing, written by the Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the European Parliament's Committee on Women’s rights and Gender Equality, on the occasion of the International Women’s Day (IWD), which this year elaborates on “the gender aspects of energy poverty”. It points out the initiatives of the three European institutions - the European Parliament, the Commission and the Council - in this regard.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD

Резюме : This Briefing, written by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides background information for the FEMM Delegation to New York and Washington, D.C. scheduled from 5 to 11 March 2023. It includes information on the Commission on the Status of Women (CSW), a functional commission of the United Nation’s Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC) and the principal global intergovernmental body exclusively dedicated to the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of women. It focuses on the priority theme of its 2023 annual two-week session (6-17 March 2023): 'Innovation and technological change, and education in the digital age for achieving gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls'.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, outlines and assesses the impacts of social media on women and girls, on gender equality, and on democracy and civic participation more generally. It further analyses whether social media are creating a bias in their treatment of women and men, and provides recommendations to policy makers.

Автори : Kristy PARK, Debbi GING, Shane MURPHY, Cian MCGRATH

Резюме : This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. It is aimed at developing gender mainstreaming indicators measuring the extent to which FEMM's suggestions and (legislative) amendments have been included in the work of other European Parliament’s committees, and the extent to which FEMM’s (legislative) amendments and suggestions are incorporated in the final positions of the European Parliament. Moving from a direct analysis, indicators are first explained and then calculated within a set period of time (July 2019–June 2022).

Автори : Manuela SAMEK LODOVICI, Flavia PESCE, Daniela LOI, Elena FERRARI, Juliana CHARRY CAMARGO & Alessandra CRIPPA.

Резюме : This Briefing, written by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides background information for the FEMM Delegation to Madrid scheduled from 20 to 22 February 2023. It includes information about Spain's executive and legislative power, justice system and the territorial organisation of the State, its gender equality policies, in particular in relation to the cases on sexual consent law, the fight against trafficking and sexual exploitation, as well as the Care and Dependency law, including the related social issues.

Резюме : This study explores the main impacts of the smart city transition on our cities and, in particular, on citizens and territories. In our research, we start from an analysis of smart city use cases to identify a set of key challenges, and elaborate on the main accelerating factors that may amplify or contain their impact on particular groups and territories. We then present an account of best practices that can help mitigate or prevent such challenges, and make some general observations on their scalability and replicability. Finally, based on an analysis of EU regulatory frameworks and a mapping of current or upcoming initiatives in the domain of smart city innovation, capacity-building and knowledge capitalisation, we propose six policy options to inform future policy-making at EU level to support a more inclusive smart city transition.

Автори : This study has been written by Agnese Macaluso, Michael Flickenschild, Alessandro Gasparotti, Hidde Wedman and Zinovia Panagiotidou of Ecorys together with Philipp Lämmel and Nikolay Vassilev Tcholtchev of Fraunhofer FOKUS, Trinidad Fernandez of Fraunhofer IAO, Philippe Baudouin of IDATE SAS, and Gaelle Le Gars (independent expert) at the request of the Panel for the Future of Science and Technology (STOA) and managed by the Scientific Foresight Unit, within the Directorate-General for Parliamentary Research Services (EPRS) of the Secretariat of the European Parliament.

Резюме : Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims is the benchmark legislation on the fight against trafficking in human beings (human trafficking) at EU level. It is part of a broader policy framework that entails a range of measures aimed at the prevention and prosecution of trafficking in human beings, as well as protection from and establishment of partnerships against this practice. Despite progress in implementing those measures, trafficking in human beings remains a highly lucrative crime, affecting thousands of individuals, primarily women and girls who are trafficked for sexual exploitation. New digital technologies are widely used to reach out to potential victims and users. Traffickers remain largely unpunished, as do the users of services from victims of trafficking, despite the European Commission and the European Parliament repeatedly calling for the criminalisation of those knowingly using such services. Their impunity has raised increasing concerns about the effectiveness of the directive, and there have been calls for its revision to reinforce existing measures while addressing potential gaps and reducing disparities between EU Member States' systems. This implementation appraisal looks at the practical implementation of the directive in light of the expected Commission proposal for its revision.

Автори : MARIE-ASTRID HUEMER

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, assesses whether a gender dimension has been incorporated into the initiatives proposed under the Fit for 55 package and whether a gender-sensitive approach was used in its formulation. Examples are given of good practice for gender mainstreaming in energy and climate policy. Recommendations are made to close identified gender gaps in policies and processes.

Автори : Joy CLANCY, Irina KUSTOVA, Milan ELKERBOUT, Kavya MICHAEL

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides an overview of the legislative frameworks for victims (including children) of gender-based violence in the 27 Member States. It provides analysis of measures in place at both Member State and EU level, and recommendations to prevent and combat gender-based violence.

Автори : WALKEY Claire, MANTOUVALOU Katerina, MEURENS Nathalie, KOUAYA Oceane, PAVLOVAITE Inga

Резюме : At more than one in five, the number of children at risk of poverty in the European Union (EU) remains high. This year's 30th anniversary of the International Day for the Eradication of Poverty presents an opportunity to take stock of what the EU is doing to fight child poverty. Even though legal competence for child policy remains primarily with the Member States, the fight against child poverty is a major EU priority. The European Pillar of Social Rights now reflects the EU's increasing willingness to tackle child poverty, while the use of European funds is key to success. The European Parliament has always been at the forefront of this fight.

Автори : Marie LECERF

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : This document is a compilation of briefings that track the commitments made by the Vice-Presidents and Commissioners to the European Parliament – in their written answers to Parliament’s questions, at their hearings, and, in some cases, in subsequent appearances before Parliament’s committees. The document provides an overview of the state-of-play at the mid-term of the von der Leyen Commission. Since many of these commitments were made, major international crises have shifted some political priorities. The Vice-Presidents’ and Commissioners’ progress on their commitments should be considered in this context.

Резюме : This briefing follows up the commitments made by the commissioner since 2019.

Резюме : This Briefing, written by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides background information for the FEMM Delegation to Ethiopia scheduled from 19 to 23 September 2022. It includes information about the elimination of female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C), the barriers to women’s political participation, the violence against women in the current war context and the situation of the LGBTI community in Ethiopia.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD, ALIS-LAURA SOCEA

Резюме : Care work provided in homes and institutions is a public good that is under-valued by society. Care workers are more likely to have low earnings and precarious working conditions. About 9 in 10 care workers are women. Most unpaid care work within households is carried out by women. The 'unpaid care penalty' for women in the EU, which is equivalent to the earnings they lost because of this unbalanced distribution of care responsibilities, is estimated to reach €242 billion per year. EU action in the care sector has the potential for high returns for society. Fostering the 'equal earner – equal carer model' could generate benefits of between €24 billion and €48 billion a year. EU action to promote affordable, high-quality care could produce an additional €90 billion to €160 billion in benefits each year. This updates a June 2022 EPRS briefing with new data and clarifications on the estimation methods used.

Автори : Cecilia NAVARRA, MEENAKSHI FERNANDES

Резюме : The Women’s Rights and Gender Equality Committee decided to send a delegation to The Hague on 23-25 May 2022 to find out what is being done to prevent and combat human trafficking. This Briefing written by the Policy Department C describes the actions undertaken by the National Government, the Judiciary, the European Commission, the European Parliament, the European agencies and the United Nations. It provides also experts' opinions.

Автори : MARTINA MAZZINI

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, examines the importance of sexuality education as an integral part of sexual and reproductive health and rights of children and young people in the EU. The study presents evidence for the effectiveness of sexuality education and its importance to achieve gender equality, to prevent gender-based violence and to improve health and well-being of young people. It provides an overview of the legal and policy frameworks and describes commitments made by the EU and EU Member States regarding sexuality education. Further, it examines the status of sexuality education in the EU and barriers to its successful implementation. The study concludes with recommendations for the EU institutions and Member States aimed at structurally improving the situation of sexuality education in the EU.

Автори : Kristien Michielsen, Olena Ivanova

Резюме : The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated economic crisis have impacted women differently than men in the European Union. Even if gender issues have never been so high-up in the European political agenda, the effects of the COVID-19 crisis are putting in jeopardy the progress achieved in the past decade in terms on the reduction of gender inequalities in European member states. The effects of the COVID-19 sanitary crisis have also served to highlight the need for member states to develop proactive – rather than reactive – gender mainstreaming policies. This year’s International Women’s Day is a perfect opportunity to look back on the past EU initiatives and reflect how to address the future, post-COVID- 19, challenges.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD, LAURA FERNANDEZ LOPEZ

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, summarises achievements in gender and transport in the EU in regard to knowledge and policies considering women as transport users and as workers in the transport sector. It introduces the most recent data and concepts, presents promising practices and provides EU policy indications in the context of the European Green Deal to effectively support the enhancement of gender equality in transport.

Автори : Silvia SANSONETTI, FGB SRL SB Eamonn DAVERN, Independent Expert

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : The Republic of Iceland is one of the smallest European countries, with a population of 370,000 inhabitants in 2021 . It is an island state and its official language is Icelandic. Historically, geographically and politically, Iceland is connected to the Scandinavian countries and is part of the Nordic countries, but does not belong to the EU. Iceland is a part of the EEA Agreement, which enables the country to enjoy the benefits of the EU’s single market without the full privileges and responsibilities of EU membership. The country is also a member of the Council of Europe and the OSCE.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD, LAURA FERNANDEZ LOPEZ

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : Article 8 TFEU commits the European Union and its Member States to eliminating inequalities and promoting the principle of equality between women and men in all their actions. As set out in the EU Gender Equality Strategy 2020-2025, achieving gender equality in the European Union is a joint responsibility, requiring action by all EU institutions, Member States and EU agencies, in partnership with civil society and women’s organisations, social partners and the private sector. Since 2003, when Parliament formally launched gender mainstreaming activities within the institution, Parliament’s FEMM Committee has regularly prepared monitoring reports on the state of gender mainstreaming in the European Parliament. The subsequent resolutions, adopted in 2007, 2009, 2011, 2016 and 2019 respectively, are part of a whole series of activities implemented over the past two decades to support and intensify gender mainstreaming in the EP, notably the adoption of a new Gender Action Plan and a roadmap for its implementation in July 2020 and April 2021 respectively. This study examines the current state of play of gender mainstreaming in the European Parliament in support of the forthcoming own-initiative report on ‘Gender mainstreaming in the European Parliament’ to be drawn up by the FEMM committee. It gives an insight into the concept of gender mainstreaming and possible tools to implement it, provides an overview of Parliament’s current gender mainstreaming policy (with particular focus on the new gender action plan and related roadmap) and analyses gender mainstreaming practices in other EU institutions, national parliaments and international institutions to date in order to put the European Parliament’s efforts into context.

Автори : Nora HAHNKAMPER-VANDENBULCKE, Rosamund SHREEVES

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides an overview of the social situation and level of integration of second- and third-generation migrant women of non-EU descent. This topic is analysed using specific indicators, namely, residential conditions, family patterns, labour-market integration, and health outcomes.

Автори : Marta Capesciotti, Silva Sansonetti

Резюме : This Study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee – after assessing the state-of-the-art of prostitution regulations in EU MSs and the current situation of sex trafficking and related data in the EU – identifies and evaluates cross-border problems/risks related to differing national EU MSs’ regulations and suggests future EU legislation to reduce them, thus preventing women from being trafficked while also protecting fundamental rights and gender equality.

Автори : Andrea Di Nicola

Резюме : This briefing provides an initial analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the impact assessment (IA) accompanying the Commission proposal for a directive aimed at strengthening the application of the principle of equal pay for equal work or work of equal value between men and women, enshrined in Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome. Following two negative opinions of the Regulatory Scrutiny Board and an exceptional third positive one, the IA provides a good problem definition. The IA coherently identifies the problem drivers and makes a compelling case for the consequences should situation remain unchanged. The options retained for assessment seem built around a pre-selected preferred option package. The analysis regarding the impact on SMEs appears to be insufficiently developed while the one on competitiveness is missing. The proposal includes all the measures presented in the IA's preferred package as well as two extra measures which were suggested, but not explicitly included in the preferred package.

Автори : Laura ZANDERSONE, STEFANO VETTORAZZI

Резюме : This European added value assessment (EAVA) supports the European Parliament's legislative-initiative report on a 'Proposal for a Council decision to identify gender-based violence as a new area of crime listed in Article 83(1) TFEU', 2021/2035(INL). The assessment reviews the significant harm generated by gender-based violence in the EU and presents evidence supporting the classification of gender-based violence as a particularly serious crime with a cross-border dimension. Through improving prevention, prosecution and protection, EU action could generate significant benefits to victims and society; considering only the economic dimension, by decreasing the incidence of gender-based violence, it could generate benefits in the order of €25.1 billion in the short term and between €54.4 billion and €83.9 billion in the longer term. Moreover, the EAVA identifies complementary EU action that could enhance the European added value of this policy option, such as expanding the mandate of the equality bodies, promoting the quality of survey and administrative data and supporting education activities and training.

Автори : Cecilia NAVARRA, NIOMBO LOMBA, MEENAKSHI FERNANDES

Резюме : This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. It explores the impact of COVID-19 on the EU care economy, the gendered nature of care work and its continued reliance on unpaid or low-paid work of women. Issues of valuing and measuring care are examined selected countries are examined with different systems of care provision. Despite the recognition of the centrality of the care economy during the pandemic, the establishment of a new highly significant EU funding mechanism (the Recovery and Resilience Fund, RRF) is focused largely on digital and green investments, paying only marginal attention to gender equality and the care economy.

Автори : Ursula Barry

Резюме : This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. It highlights that despite the increasing number of public policies and institutional resources designed to promote women-led business, the entrepreneurship gender gap persists. This study aims to analyse this apparent contradiction, focusing on three main questions: What are the constraints that women face when deciding to become entrepreneurs? What factors attract women’s interest and motivate them to start their own business? And which policies may benefit women’s entrepreneurship?

Автори : María BASTIDA, Associate Professor of Economics at the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain)

Резюме : This in-depth, case-analytical overview, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, examines the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on a representative sample of member states with the aim of alimenting policy recommendations for the recovery period to ensure that the gains of the past years in the matter of gender equality are not overridden by the short-term negative effects of the measures implemented to combat the COVID-19 sanitary crisis.

Автори : Paola PROFETA

Резюме : This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. The study focuses on the trauma that refugee and asylum-seeking women suffer when reaching their host country. Drawing on an extensive survey of scientific literature, international organisations’ reports, websites, press, and discussions with relevant experts, it highlights survivors' different needs and the structural, cultural and psychological barriers to their resettlement in the EU. It argues for coordinated, gender- and culture-sensitive policies, EU collective responsibility in managing the refugee crisis and multi-level interventions from an intersectionality perspective.

Автори : Dr Konstantina DAVAKI

Резюме : With the rise of new technology and social media gender-based cyber violence is a constantly growing threat with impacts at individual, social and economic levels, on women and girls and on society as generally. Action taken so far has been inadequate, and the cross-border nature of gender-based cyber violence has yet to be properly addressed either. This European added value assessment (EAVA) complements the European Parliament’s own initiative legislative report on Combating Gender based Violence: Cyber Violence (2020/2035(INL)). The costs to individuals and society are substantial and shown to be in the order of €49.0 to €89.3 billion. A combination of legal and non-legal policy options would generate the greatest European added value, promote the fundamental rights of victims, reduce costs imposed on individuals and society, and support law enforcement and people working with victims.

Автори : Cecilia NAVARRA, NIOMBO LOMBA, MEENAKSHI FERNANDES

Резюме : On the International Women’s Day, let us recall the context in which the current event is taking place. Just about a year ago, the World Health Organisation proclaimed the COVID 19 as the global pandemics. In the scope of several weeks, it has affected all the countries in the world and persists until this day, in spite of the existence of vaccines. Hence, further societal developments are uncertain and more changes within it are to be expected. In the sections below, the Policy Department tries to address the selected sectors of society affecting women and girls by changes resulting from the effects of the COVID 19 pandemics.

Автори : JOHANNES HEEZEN, Martina SCHONARD, INA SOKOLSKA, KATARZYNA MAGDALENA KARPINSKA

Резюме : This Study has been commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. It provides a situational analysis of the gender gap in EU and Member States public sector, administration and sphere and identifies promising policy measures for reducing it.

Автори : Clara COTRONEO, Olivia BROWN, Iwona KARWOT - European Institute of Public Administration

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, explores the phenomenon of precarious work in the EU from a gender and intersectionality perspective. It finds that women, particularly young women, those with a migrant background and women with low levels of educational attainment, are especially vulnerable. This is a recurring trend across all of the Member States within the study’s scope. One of the key factors behind this is the disproportionate amount of time that women spend in caregiving roles and domestic work, something that is reinforced by COVID-19.

Автори : Camille FIADZO, Virginia DALLA POZZA, Laura TODARO (VVA); Claire DUPONT (Milieu); Kari HADJIVASSILIOU (The Tavistock Institute).

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, describes trends in the situation of single parents in the EU (with additional evidence from Iceland and Norway). It analyses the resources, employment, and social policy context of single parents and provides recommendations to improve their situation, with attention to the Covid-19 pandemic and its consequences.

Автори : Rense NIEUWENHUIS

Резюме : An In-depth Analysis commissioned by the European Parliament's Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. The paper is divided into six parts. The first part of the paper defines what is meant by the term sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) according to the most important international and regional human rights instruments. The second part analyses the legal framework of the EU Member States regarding access to abortion services while the third part focuses on the problems caused by the COVID - 19 pandemic in access to abortion. The fourth part deals with the problems caused by the pandemic in the two countries with the most restrictive abortion regimes in the EU, Poland and Malta. The fifth part of the paper sheds light on the importance of civil society in the protection of women's SRHR. Finally, the sixth part of the paper assesses the importance of the solutions adopted in the protection of access to abortion services during the COVID -19 pandemic. In this context, telemedicine for early medical abortions is particularly important.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD

Резюме : This study was commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee. It aims to understand the implementation of the Convention, its added value, arguments against the ratification of the Convention, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against women (VAW) and domestic violence (DV). The 27 EU Member States are included in the study, together with Turkey, which offers a comparator of the impact of the ratification of the Convention by a non-EU country.

Автори : Nathalie MEURENS, Hayley D’SOUZA, Saredo MOHAMED, Nazia CHOWDHURY, Stelios CHARITAKIS, Kate, REGAN, ICF Prof. Dr Els LEYE, Ghent University/Consultant

Резюме : This paper, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides basic information on access to abortion services in Slovakia. The legal status of abortions in the country is under permanent pressure despite the legally binding decision by the Constitutional Court back in 2007 which safeguarded women´s right to free choice. Eleven proposals to restrict abortion have been presented in the National Parliament, in the last two years. Medical abortion is not available in the country, and together with conscientious objection applied in health services and current COVID-19 pandemics access to abortion services is further limited.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD

Резюме : This document provides links to all Briefings produced by the Policy Departments of the Directorate-General for Internal Policies and of the Directorate-General for External Policies of the European Parliament, with salient points and essential commitments made by the Vice-Presidents and Commissioners-designates at their respective hearings before the European Parliament, in September-November 2019 and in October 2020. For an exhaustive list of all commitments made and positions taken by the candidates, the full verbatim report of each public hearing is available on the dedicated hearings website of the European Parliament, as are the written questions and answers.

Резюме : This study commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, maps out the challenges the European Union faces in promoting sexual and reproductive health and rights and the prevention of gender based violence in its external action, especially in providing aid to developing countries against the backdrop of US Global Gag Rules.

Автори : Clara COTRONEO, Petra JENEY, European Institute of Public Administration

Резюме : Outbreaks affect men, women and other genders differentially. This can be both the direct infections with a pathogen, or the secondary effects of public health response policies. COVID-19 is no exception, and the gendered impacts thus far and in the future are numerous. This study outlines some of the key gendered effects thus far and suggestions for how these may extend into the post-crisis period based on currently available data on COVID and longer-term effects of previous outbreaks. This includes the lack of sex-disaggregated data, the role of healthcare workers and care workers, domestic violence, the impact of quarantine on feminised sectors of the economy, the additional unpaid labour on women as a result of lockdown, access to maternity, sexual and reproductive health services. This study commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee.

Автори : Clare WENHAM, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), London, United Kingdom

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, provides evidence that there is still gender bias and inequality in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics) fields and the digital sector (e.g., digital technologies, Computer Science, Information Technology, Information and Communication Technology, Artificial Intelligence, cybersecurity). This document, prepared at the request of the FEMM Committee (Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs, Directorate-General for Internal Policies), is intended to provide an up-to-date literature review on the current status of women’s education and employment in STEM fields and the digital sector. In so doing, the corresponding trajectories are examined, from the primary education level up to the employment level, in an attempt to identify obstacles and bottlenecks that prevent gender parity. Finally, suggestions for future research, initiatives and policies that would improve women’s participation in these areas are made.

Автори : Prof. Dr. Zacharias C. Zacharia, Research in Science and Technology Education Group, Department of Educational Sciences, University of Cyprus Dr. Tasos Hovardas, Research in Science and Technology Education Group, University of Cyprus; Dr. Nikoletta Xenofontos, Research in Science and Technology Education Group, University of Cyprus Ms Ivoni Pavlou, Research in Science and Technology Education Group, University of Cyprus;Ms Maria Irakleous, Research in Science and Technology Education Group, University of Cyprus

Резюме : This study, commissioned by the European Parliament’s Policy Department for Citizens’ Rights and Constitutional Affairs at the request of the FEMM Committee, explores whether psychological violence against women is criminalised in select EU Member States, how data is collected regarding this particular form of gender based violence and, in close relation to this, whether custody and visiting rights of perpetrators are affected.

Автори : Petra JENEY, European Institution of Public Administration, in collaboration with Clara COTRONEO, Igor DIZDAREVIC, Virgil-Ivan CUCU, Tomasz KRAMER, Juan Diego RAMÍREZ-CÁRDENAS DÍAZ, Roberta RIBEIRO OERTEL, European Institution of Public Administration

Резюме : This briefing was requested by the FEMM Committee for an Inter-parliamentary Committee Meeting to be held on 5 March 2020 in connection with International Women's Day on 8 March 2020. This thematic briefing concentrates on women and the economy, violence against women, women and climate change, and the backlash against women's rights and gender equality.

Автори : JOHANNES HEEZEN

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : Briefing made up by the Policy Department for Citizens' Rights and Constitutional Affairs of the EP to the attention of the FEMM Committee's delegation to Croatia in January 2020.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.

Резюме : Настоящият документ е компилация от открояващи се аспекти и основни ангажименти, поети от кандидатите за заместник-председатели и за членове на Комисията по време на съответните им изслушвания пред Европейския парламент. Той има за цел да Ви предостави практически и кратък инструмент за проследяване на усилията и действията на бъдещата Комисия. За изчерпателен списък на всички поети ангажименти и позиции на кандидатите на разположение на специалния уебсайт за изслушванията от 2019 г. на Европейския парламент са пълният стенографски протокол от всяко публично изслушване, както и въпросите с искане за писмен отговор и техните отговори. Настоящият документ включва добавка, съдържаща ангажиментите, поети по време на изслушванията от октомври 2020 г.

Резюме : The commissioner-designate, Helena Dalli, appeared before the European Parliament on 02 October 2019 to answer questions from MEPs in the Committee on Women's Rights and Gender Equality, Committee on Employment and Social Affairs and Committee on Civil Liberties, Justice and Home Affairs. During the hearing, she made a number of commitments which are highlighted in this document. These commitments refer to her portfolio, as described in the mission letter sent to her by Ursula von der Leyen, President-elect of the European Commission, including: - Fight against discrimination; - Rights of Persons with Disability; - European Gender Strategy; - Work–Life Balance Directive; - International Partnerships:Empowering women and girls; - Cooperating with the European Parliament and with other Commissioners.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD, Susanne KRAATZ

Резюме : This year marks the 25th anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, where 179 governments adopted a landmark Programme of Action which set out to empower women and girls for their sake, and for the benefit of their families, communities and nations. It also marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). A At the ICPD, diverse views on human rights, population, sexual and reproductive health, gender equality and sustainable development merged into a global consensus that placed individual dignity and human rights, including the right to plan one’s family, at the heart of development. A quarter of a century later, some progress has been achieved. There has been a 25 per cent increase in global contraceptive prevalence rate around the world. Adolescent births have declined, and the global maternal mortality ratio has fallen. But progress has been slow and uneven. Hundreds of millions of women around the world are still not using modern contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancies, and global targets on reducing maternal deaths have not been met. For a more comprenhesive account of the progress made and the remaining challenges ahead, please consult the report Unfinished business - the pursuit of rights and choices for all.

Автори : Martina SCHONARD

Резюме : The Monthly Highlights publication provides an overview, at a glance, of the on-going work of the policy departments, including a selection of the latest and forthcoming publications, and a list of future events.