Grants 

The Financial Regulation applicable to the general budget of the European Union sets out the principles for implementation of the budget, including the principle of transparency, which is affirmed throughout the Financial Regulation. Provision is made for appropriate ex ante and/or ex post publication of implementation of the budget.

Rules for publication of grants are set out in Article 189 of the Financial Regulation, which makes provision for ex ante publication of calls for proposals and ex post publication of grants awarded in the course of a financial year. A grant is said to have been awarded when a legal undertaking is first given, i.e. when the first agreement has been signed.